language and human evolution

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[25][26] In some cases, when the DNA of extinct humans can be recovered, the presence or absence of genes considered to be language-relevant —FOXP2, for example—may prove informative. Duality (of Patterning): a large number of meaningful elements are made up of a conveniently small number of independently meaningless yet message-differentiating elements.

"While we would agree with Kendon's strategy of examining the relationships among spoken and signed languages, pantomime, graphic depiction, and other modes of human representation, we are not convinced that placing gesture in opposition to speech leads to a productive framework for understanding the emergence of cognition and language.

One theory is that language formed as an evolutionary adaptation, while the other theory, supported by Noam Chomsky and the biologist Stephen Jay Gould, says that language was a by-product of evolution and not an adaptation process. [80], The Romulus and Remus hypothesis, proposed by neuroscientist Andrey Vyshedskiy, seeks to address the question as to why the modern speech apparatus originated over 500,000 years before the earliest signs of modern human imagination. Human language is used for self-expression; however, expression displays different stages. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jneuroling.2016.11.004.

[citation needed], How, why, when, and where language might have emerged, This article is about the origin of natural languages.

[7] Dunbar, "The Origin and Subsequent Evolution of Language."

"Babies are born with their larynxes in a high position, like monkeys. Humans have been increasingly exposed to TUS over millions of years, coinciding with the period during which spoken language evolved.

[127][128] Supporting this model is also its ability to explain unique human phenomena, such as the use of intonations when converting words into commands and questions, the tendency of infants to mimic vocalizations during the first year of life (and its disappearance later on) and the protruding and visible human lips, which are not found in other apes.

[132] Outside modern humans, such conditions do not prevail. Over time, the improved use of intonations and vocal control led to the invention of unique calls (phonemes) associated with distinct objects (illustration part 4). [citation needed] Also, gesture is not generally less effective, and depending on the situation can even be advantageous, for example in a loud environment or where it is important to be silent, such as on a hunt. . Evolutionary and historical linguistics are renamed as diachronic linguistics. In J. R. Hurford, M. Studdert Kennedy and C. Knight (eds), Approaches to the Evolution of Language. [73], Saussure's solution to the problem of language evolution involves dividing theoretical linguistics in two. The alternative suggestion, then, is that language evolved as a device for bonding large social groups--in other words, as a form of grooming-at-a-distance.

[38][39] The problem with these theories is that they are so narrowly mechanistic. .

", (James R. Hurford, The Origins of Language.

In 1861, historical linguist Max Müller published a list of speculative theories concerning the origins of spoken language:[36].

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