Cultural Materialism started as a branch of literary criticism in the field of literary studies in the mid 1980s. Materialism contends that the physical world impacts and sets constraints on human behavior. Cultural materialism, as Jonathan Dollimore and Alan Sinfield described it in Political Shakespeare in 1985, ‘studies the implication of literary texts in history’ (Dollimore and Sinfield 1985, viii), and it is therefore an historical or historicist approach to literature. There are strengths and weakness of cultural materialism. Durkheim and Levi-Strauss). Cultural Materialism as a Research Method . Cultural materialism was a concept developed by Marvin Harris in 1968. Cultural materialism explains cultural similarities and differences. Cultural Materialism 35 to the charge that cultural materialism is a fundamentally subjective and self-centred type of criticism. As a Marxist thinker, he made an important contribution to the Marxist tradition of literary theory but was reluctant to call himself a Marxist. His writings encompass a wide range of literary and cultural studies and history. Raymond Williams Literature Marxism and Cultural Materialism • Raymond Williams was a Marxist cultural theorist, novelist, critic and socialist thinker. Since culture is now considered as the source of art and literature, cultural criticism has gained ground, and therefore, Raymond Williams’ term “cultural materialism”, Stephen Greenblatt’s “cultural poetics” and Bakhtin’s term “cultural prosaic”, have become significant in the field of Cultural Studies and cultural criticism. . It incorporates ideas from Marxism, cultural evolution, and cultural ecology. As with other forms of materialism, cultural materialism emerged in the late 1960s as a reaction to cultural relativism and idealism.. At the time, much of anthropological thought was dominated by theorists who located culture change in human systems of thought rather than in material conditions (i.e. Cultural materialism is a theory which views culture as a productive process, focusing on arts such as literature. Again, we can turn to Scott Wilson for the typical claim that ‘cultural materialism . Cultural materialism, as Jonathan Dollimore and Alan Sinfield described it in Political Shakespeare in 1985, ‘studies the implication of literary texts in history’ (Dollimore and Sinfield 1985, viii), and it is therefore an historical or historicist approach to literature. The concept of “literature” is seen as a social development, which according to Williams, only truly developed between the 18th and 19th century, within our culture. Cultural materialism is one of the major anthropological perspectives for analyzing human societies. They can also discern how these values connect to social structure, trends, and problems. Williams, the literary critic and cultural theorist who first coined the phrase ‘cultural materialism’, was based for most of his career; and second, it was the site of one of the most The British critic Graham Holderness describes cultural materialism as a politicized form of historiography, means the study of historical material within the political framework. 12 Wilson continues: does not pretend to neutral-ity, but declares its partiality or bias’, that it is ‘a moral thing’. . By using cultural materialism as a research method, sociologists can produce a critical understanding of the values, beliefs, and worldviews of a period through close study of cultural products. These values connect to social structure, trends, and problems type of criticism focusing! 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