While you wait for a vet to attend ensure that your horse cannot injure themselves or you. [12], Occasionally there can be an obstruction by large numbers of roundworms. Colic is not a disease; rather, it is a clinical sign of a disease. A high lactate in abdominal fluid suggests intestinal death and necrosis, usually due to strangulating lesion, and often indicates the need for surgical intervention. [9] The blood supply to this piece of intestine is immediately occluded and surgery is the only available treatment. [39] Those experiencing nephrosplenic entrapment will often have ultrasonographic changes including an inability to see the left kidney and/or tail of the spleen. [13] Metoclopramide has been shown to reduce reflux and hospital stay, but does has excitatory effects on the central nervous system. Stretching Plasma may also be given with the intent of neutralizing endotoxin. About colic. There are a variety of different causes of colic, some of which can prove fatal without surgical intervention. The poor blood supply also has effects on the vascular endothelium, leading to an increased permeability which first leaks plasma and eventually blood into the intestinal lumen. If left untreated, severe impaction colic can be fatal. [13], Small intestinal volvulus is thought to be caused by a change in local peristalsis, or due to a lesion that the mesentery may twist around (such as an ascarid impaction), and usually involves the distal jejunum and ileum.w It is one of the most common causes of small intestinal obstruction in foals, possibly because of a sudden change to a bulkier foodstuff. [3] Horses are also sometimes administered heparin, which is thought to reduce the risk of laminitis by decreasing blood coagulability and thus blood clot formation in the capillaries of the foot.[5]. By veterinarians, colic is used as an actual symptom, or clinical sign, instead of a diagnosis. [21] Other gastric impactions are often resolves with enteral fluids. This is due to the large amount of fluid produced in the upper gastrointestinal tract, and the fact that this is primarily re-absorbed in parts of the intestine downstream from the obstruction. This will prevent a cold shock to its belly. The most common cause is infection with Strongylus vulgaris larvae, which primarily develop within the cranial mesenteric artery. Twisted intestines and telescoped sections of intestines occur and the cause is unclear. [12] Additionally, overuse of certain drugs such as NSAIDs may lead to colic signs (See Gastric ulceration and Right dorsal colitis).
[13] Intraperitoneal unfractionated heparin is sometimes used, since it decreases fibrin formation and thus may decrease fibrinous adhesions. Colic can be quite uncomfortable to your horse. [40], Radiographs (x-rays) are sometimes used to look for sand[15] and enteroliths. Ulceration of the mucosal surface occurs very commonly in the stomach (gastric ulceration), due to damage from stomach acid or alteration in protective mechanisms of the stomach, and is usually not life-threatening.
Colic signs are referable to those seen with a strangulating lesion, such as moderate to severe abdominal pain, endotoxemia, decrease gut sounds, distended small intestine on rectal, and nasogastric reflux. ). The conditions that cause colic can become life-threatening in a short period of time.[4]. Colic in horses is a condition that can be quite distressing to the animals. [13] They may be more common in horses with diets high in magnesium,[17] and are also seen more often in Arabians, Morgans, American Saddlebreds, miniature horses, and donkeys, and usually occur in horses older than four years of age. Reflux must be removed periodically to prevent distention and possible rupture of the stomach, and to track reflux production, which aids in monitoring the progression of the colic. Large intestinal ileus is most commonly seen in horses following orthopedic surgery, but its risk is also increased in cases where post-operative pain is not well-controlled, after long surgeries, and possibly following ophthalmologic surgeries. [40], Rectal biopsy is rarely performed due to its risks of abscess formation, rectal perforation and peritonitis, and because it requires a skilled clinical to perform. Prognosis is very good, and horses treated with surgical treatment had a survival with return to athletic function rate of 91%, while 89% of the medically managed horses returned to previous use.
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