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The Making of the Fittest: Natural Selection and Adaptation Educator Materials Lesson The Making of the Fittest Natural Selection and Adaptation Published February, 2017 Page 4 of 8 QUESTIONS ANSWER KEY 1. h��Yms�8���j���-_m�* �%�1@v����1�9f��q��ߧe{b;3y�ݺ�J)�%u�%��t+��E"�.����T1�$��E:�t���7�U��F�#��F��\l#�y����|m��� Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools. The volcanic rock caused the same mutation in each rock pocket mouse population, resulting in dark coloration. hris The Making of the Fittest: Natural Selection and Adaptation LESSON STUDENT HANDOUT S. Which fur color seems to have the greatest overall selective advantage? Dr. • Inference #3: This unequal ability of individuals to survive and reproduce will lead to a gradual change in a population, with favorable characteristics accumulating over the generations. endstream endobj startxref Justify your answer in one or two sentences: “Mutations are caused by selective pressure in the environment.”. __evolution_____ - Theory
This environment does not have nearly as many visual predators as in previously studied areas in New Mexico. Start studying Exam 1 - The Making of the Fittest: Natural Selection and Adaptation. %PDF-1.5 %���� As you watch, record the following Observation #2: Populations tend to remain stable in size, except for seasonal fluctuations. 365 0 obj <>/Filter/FlateDecode/ID[<7E66E6334E4E8142836B7400FBA5F699><0AA4C9D1B4377641AA83E228747C33AA>]/Index[335 59]/Info 334 0 R/Length 136/Prev 257472/Root 336 0 R/Size 394/Type/XRef/W[1 3 1]>>stream %PDF-1.5 %���� 7. The two coat colors are equally suited to the environment, so natural selection does not change the frequency of those traits. • • A complete answer for this question should include the idea that natural selection acts on traits, which results in the mutations for those traits being more likely to be passed on to the next generation. Using the Hardy-Weinberg equation and data from the table above, determine the number of mice with the DD and Dd genotypes on the dark, rocky lava substrate Frequency of mice with the dd genotype on dark-colored substrate Frequency of mice with the DD genotype on dark-colored substrate Frequency of mice with the Dd genotype on dark-colored substrate Allele and Phenotype Frequencies in Rock Pocket Mouse Populations HHMI OWARD HUGHES M Page 4 of 6 www.Biolnteractive.org The environment contributes to determining whether a mutation is advantageous, deleterious, or neutral. False; selective pressure does not cause mutations but rather determines whether a mutation is advantageous or deleterious in a particular environment. slideum.com © As a result, and reproduced.
The environment contributes to determining whether a mutation is advantageous, deleterious, or neutral.
Their data are summarized below Field Data Summary Collecting Site Substrate Color Number of Mice Phenotype Light Light Dark Dark Dark Light 85 80 45 42 34 43 Source of data: Hoekstra, Hopi E, Kristen E. Drumm, and Michael W. Nachman.
A sudden and random change in nucleotide sequence of organism genome, Is the following statement true or false? The sequence you get is identical to that of the same gene in another rock pocket mouse population with dark-colored fur that lives on a different patch of volcanic rock. This is false because mutations are random. 8.
– These observations include tremendous fecundity, stable populations sizes, limited environmental resources, variation among individuals, and heritability of some of this variation. 0 Because this question is very open ended, a wide range of creative answers is possible.
The Making of the Fittest: Natural Selection and Adaptation IN-DEPTH FILM GUIDE DESCRIPTION Evolution is happening right now, everywhere around us, and adaptive changes can sweep through a population in an evolutionary eyeblink. Predators Yes Genetic mutations No Rock color Yes Availability of food for the rock pocket mice No (½ pt each- 2points), 10. process. a. s����ozD�K�a�k�o�{ mR)��0� ��[�+`���p� Te�/�L �j -�j`�00n����ȴ�I���R���Y�,�5le�1}c������w[x�(��}�'i�n��l �f�!��p�o>0L�2�s*������I- ���@Z����Sp����٦ ) �W�!�� ��m
Natural selection is differential success in reproduction (unequal ability of individuals to survive and reproduce). Write "yes" or "no" next to each of the four possible responses.
���JtC�q0B�82>ᆏ�p�H"�`�ND6ña��F�D'�;����ϴ��A�#|�����Gb{��8�'>�:��ٸ:Q�l%ؾ�[�Қ-mL��-����.N+��r��u��yQmo�����n��&R��^���e�wٶ+�d?�'ۈF�������|�ѫ�\�s�ۉ䖠�o���o�"I���*/2��/��g���~T�GUZe4N�\q^�moo�/�p�B�-���J�v"x�����Zۗ�,��� ���/��ٴ�\lho����zD��t��yZf��5��U�2��sqQ��ٷ����̾Af\̋�Ŭn��.��SzF��<8�/���UzMo�_��]���:���#�tJc���MiF_hNʩ�s�J%-���F��]�������`�cz�՛����yz�ri�ȫ������t����C��~���/]��t�)��u�l��6�*��J�?xCծ�s��rv^%���h \*ョlX�Y>.&����g�N�����g��o��j��c���i3d��7%�]�>�EN2�W&���R�j�. The sequence you get is identical to that of the same gene in another rock pocket mouse population with dark-colored fur that lives on a different patch of volcanic rock.
Suppose you are studying a recently discovered population of rock pocket mice with dark-colored fur that lives on volcanic rock. Students may also mention that the change is random, but this is not necessary for a complete answer.
9.
In three to five sentences, explain how this trait increased in frequency in the population.
Using the Hardy-Weinberg equation and data from the table above, determine the number of mice with the DD and Dd genotypes on the light, rocky, granite substrate. To do this, it is necessary to introduce a or disadvantage of a genotype with respect to survival and reproductive success. The researchers trapped a total of 225 mice. Sample answer (key terms are in italics): Due to absence of predation pressure, having light-or dark colored fur does not make a difference to an organism’s overall fitness and therefore likelihood of survival. Each population will be on a separate patch of black sand that is identical in every way, but I will keep them separate to prevent interbreeding. Justify your answer in one or two sentences: “The appearance of dark-colored volcanic rock caused the mutation for black fur to appear in the rock pocket mouse. ���JtC�q0B�82>ᆏ�p�H"�`�ND6ña��F�D'�;����ϴ��A�#|�����Gb{��8�'>�:��ٸ:Q�l%ؾ�[�Қ-mL��-����.N+��r��u��yQmo�����n��&R��^���e�wٶ+�d?�'ۈF�������|�ѫ�\�s�ۉ䖠�o���o�"I���*/2��/��g���~T�GUZe4N�\q^�moo�/�p�B�-���J�v"x�����Zۗ�,��� ���/��ٴ�\lho����zD��t��yZf��5��U�2��sqQ��ٷ����̾Af\̋�Ŭn��.��SzF��<8�/���UzMo�_��]���:���#�tJc���MiF_hNʩ�s�J%-���F��]�������`�cz�՛����yz�ri�ȫ������t����C��~���/]��t�)��u�l��6�*��J�?xCծ�s��rv^%���h \*ョlX�Y>.&����g�N�����g��o��j��c���i3d��7%�]�>�EN2�W&���R�j�.
(Key Concepts B and G) Is the following statement true or false?
mice were collected from four different, widely separated areas of dark lava rock observed no dark-colored mice from the from the Arizona population. OVERVIEW . Include the following key terms: “fitness” (or “fit”), “survival” (or “survive”), “selection” (or “selective”), and “evolution” (or “evolve”).
5. 2. To determine if the rock pocket mouse population is evolving, explain why it is necessary to collect fur color frequency data over a period of many years PART 3: HARDY-WEINBERG EXTENDED We evolving.
A mutation is a random change to an organism’s DNA sequence. Over time, this results in an increase in the frequency of mutations that encode beneficial traits for that environment (or, conversely, a decrease in the mutations that influence deleterious traits in that particular environment).
Dr. Michael Nachman, working in the field and lab, has quantified predation on rock pocket mice and identified adaptive changes in coat-color genes that allow the mice to travel under the radar of hungry predators. • A complete answer should resemble the following, with partial credit given to students who do not include all the key terms or concepts (key terms are in italics): “Rock pocket mice with dark-colored fur were more pocket mice to.
The Making of the Fittest: Natural Selection in Humans. IW7� Yd�A����};n��]�q���0Nd����v#6ef���Ac/;Va7���e��p8{u�P�T��*�Z�ȣɢ�C(t��kF�� This activity covers a wide range of biological topics including biochemistry, genetics, physiology, and protein structure. Be sure to include the following key words in your answer: “selection” (or “selective”), “fitness” (or “fit”), and “survival” (or “survive”). This video was produced by the Howard Hughes Medical Institute.
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