Any farm sustaining multiple cases of rapid-onset Thus, horse owners should take precautions to minimize exposure to mosquitoes and should monitor their animals for encephalitic signs. Data suggest that most horses recover from the infection. Since the incubation period for WNV in dogs can last months before symptoms appear and it is relatively rare in dogs, your veterinarian might not immediately consider WNV as the culprit; these symptoms resemble those of various conditions, which your vet might test for first. In … to determine
The mosquitoes become infected after biting birds carrying the West Nile Virus. is exhibiting Determining the actual number of horses exposed to the West Nile virus is difficult as some horses exposed to the virus may not show any clinical signs or perhaps may exhibit only vague signs of the disease. posture, The mosquito first bites an infected bird and then bites a human or another animal.
1 In current peer-reviewed journals, West Nile encephalitis in horses is more commonly referred to as West Nile encephalomyelitis, which is an inflammation of the brain and spinal cord. Isolated in Uganda in 1937, West Nile virus was first detected stateside in 1999 in the New York City area. Treatment. The majority of dogs who develop symptoms of WNV are puppies, seniors, those who are already sick or dealing with compromised immune systems. It is conditionally-licensed, of Illinois College of Veterinary Medicine. Eliminate standing water around A fact sheet and maps of the spread of WNV through Illinois We are recommending
Why do we need this? Following vaccination, complete protection takes several weeks to develop.
WNV also is the leading cause of mosquito-borne disease in the continental U.S. WNV virus is maintained in the wild bird population and spread between birds by mosquitoes. Many horses infected with WNV recover fully; however, the overall case fatality rate is approximately 30 to 40 percent in affected horses. WNV signs may progress rapidly to include
any of Shallow stagnant or standing water, used tires, clogged roof gutters, and manure storage pits are ideal places for mosquitoes to breed. These products contain Bacillus thuringiensis subspecies israelensis (BTI). These You can't get infected from casual contact with an infected person or animal. Entering your postal code will help us provide news or event updates for your area.
Be sure to consult with your veterinarian for current vaccination recommendations, schedules, and management practices to prevent West Nile encephalitis.
WNV is a member of the flavivirus genus and belongs to the Japanese encephalitis antigenic complex of the family Flaviviridae. Carefully examine your property and eliminate locations that could serve as breeding grounds for mosquitoes. the product Total cases - 125, West Nile Virus, 2009 - States with Equine Cases However, horses infected with WNV may have clinical signs that can be confused with equine herpesvirus-1 (EHV) or “rhinopneumonitis,” equine protozoal myeloencephalopathy (EPM), eastern equine encephalomyelitis (EEE), western equine encephalomyelitis (WEE), and of course, rabies (with its significant zoonotic potential). • Stocking water tanks with fish that consume mosquito larvae; local authorities on mosquito control may be able to provide assistance Stable premises can be fogged in the evening to reduce the number of mosquitoes. use in pets. Vaccines are generally effective and recommended to prevent West Nile encephalitis. Those biting insects can transmit the potentially deadly West Nile virus to people and animals. Helena, MT 59620-2001 • Weakness and/or ataxia, either symmetrical or asymmetrical In October 1999, a total of 25 horses, all from Long Island, New York, had confirmed signs of West Nile encephalitis, of which nine died or were euthanized. depression, decreased appetite, muscle fasiculations, skin David W. Ramey, DVM, is a Southern California equine practitioner who limits his practice to the care of performance and pleasure horses. Horses and the extreme sensitivity of some animals to West Nile Virus (WNV) was first isolated in a woman in the West Nile district of Uganda in 1937. As of August 28, 2002, West Nile Virus (WNV) had been reported in 95 of 101 Illinois counties. Treatment.
Horse owners should stay informed of current information concerning this disease, especially if it is detected in their area. Horse owners can reduce the likelihood of exposure to mosquitoes by implementing the following pest management practices: Research continues to provide more information about West Nile encephalitis. Get notified when we have news, courses, or events of interest to you. Clinical signs may include one or more of the following: weakness (hind end, front end, or both, characterized by falling to their knees or difficulty in remaining standing), ataxia (incoordination), muscle twitching or tremors, altered mental state (somnolent or aggressive, circling, or stall-walking), hypersensitivity to touch or sound, cataplexy or narcolepsy, seizures, blindness, cranial nerve deficits (facial paralysis, tongue weakness, difficulty swallowing), recumbency, and fever. WNV is transmitted by infected mosquitoes. • Restricting animals’ access to pastures at times when mosquitoes most commonly feed, typically early in the morning and evening • Somnolence The West Nile virus has been confirmed in foals as young as three weeks. Veterinary maps on this site include data for several animal species in addition to horses (e.g., dogs, rodents). Place incandescent bulbs about 50 yards from the stable to attract mosquitoes away from the horses. Affected horses should be treated based on the presenting signs and focused on reducing the severity of the disease.
AAEP Proceedings 51 (2005):421-38. In addition to reporting for a major newspaper chain, she has been published in "Horse News," "Suburban Classic," "Hoof Beats," "Equine Journal" and other publications. It appears that horses will not develop high, presumably protective, antibody levels until they receive the "booster," or second vaccination in the series. The first confirmed case of West Nile virus in a Pennsylvania horse was reported in October 2000. A: There is no documented tremors, visual problems, and recumbency. Identify and remove areas of standing water on the property where mosquitos may be hatching. that the vaccine is protective, but only once the horse has Data suggest that most horses recover from the infection. In fact, evidence exists that the virus can be found in the horse's bloodstream for only a few days during the entire course of the infection. and cats could become
Owners should keep records of all vaccinations or treatments which may affect international shipment of horses. as secondary 3 weeks apart prior to exposure to WNV. The incubation period-- the time between exposure to the virus and appearance of the first signs of disease--is estimated to be between 3 and 15 days. if your pet exhibits any neurological For help in assessing mosquito exposure risks on your property and for suggested control practices, please contact your local Penn State Extension office, county Department of Health, local veterinarian, or a mosquito pest control company.
Weakened and impaired animals should be protected from injuring themselves. on your individual pet.
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are no more High levels of WNV circulate in the bloodstream of birds, making them the virus’s natural reservoir. dusk, and early evening. She has a Bachelor of Arts in English from New York University and an Associate of Arts from the American Academy of Dramatics Arts, New York City. Most canines show few, if any, symptoms, but some dogs become quite ill. Read the label before using the product, and follow all instructions. Total Cases - 276, West Nile Virus, 2008 - States with Equine Cases Use as incoordination, Fluid and nutritional supportive therapy also may be required, either by intravenous methods or by stomach tube.
They then pass it on to other birds, animals, and people. Prevent pets from coming into contact with Connecticut Department of Agriculture: West Nile Virus In Domestic Animals and Birds, University of California Davis School of Veterinary Medicine: West Nile Virus FAQ, California Veterinary Medical Association: West Nile Virus in Dogs and Cats, University of Illinois Extension: FAQs on West Nile Virus for Pet Owners. Vaccines are generally effective in preventing West Nile encephalitis when administered properly according to your veterinarian's recommendations and used in conjunction with preventative management practices. Fortunately, affected dogs rarely die from WNV infection and most make full recoveries. The West Nile virus represents a real health threat to horses because they appear more susceptible to the disease than other livestock or companion animals. In humans stricken with WNV, the disease causes encephalitis, or brain inflammation.
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