Ore is decomposed in smelting with heat and a chemical reducing agent such as calcium, driving off other elements as gases or slag and leaving the metal base behind. The mechanism of the bloomery process in shaft furnaces. Macro inclusions in IF steels plays an important part for the surface quality. Copper slag originating from the copper smelting industry is worthy of particular attention due to its massive generation and enrichment of multiple valuable metals.
Such importance has been partially revealed by the results reported in the seventh article entitled, “Estimation Model for Electrical Conductivity of CaF2-CaO-Al2O3 Slags” by Guan-Yong Shi et al. Zhiwei Peng. One of the most important goals of copper slag metallurgy is to minimize copper losses to slag from entrained Cu droplets during the smelting of copper concentrate,3 often achieved by decreasing the slag viscosity via the addition of fluxing agents. About 25% of these are other metals & metal products. Henrik Solhed, Lage Jonsson, An investigation of slag floatation and entrapment in a continuous‐casting tundish using fluid‐flow simulations, sampling and physical metallurgy, Scandinavian Journal of Metallurgy, 10.1034/j.1600-0692.2003.00533.x, 32, 1, (15-32), (2003).
Slag is a typical byproduct generated during high-temperature metallurgical processes. Rougieux, A. Cuevas, and E. Fourmond, Sol.
This project examined the feasibility of using flux modification to reduce the as-deposited hydrogen content of basic-type shielded metal arc welds.
In this paper, some difficulties of the Lux-Flood approach are pointed out, including the need for indirect measures of aO2-, which have proliferated in recent years. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11837-016-2047-2, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11837-016-2047-2, Over 10 million scientific documents at your fingertips, Not logged in
Slag is a typical byproduct generated during high-temperature metallurgical processes. Other materials used as fluxes are silica, dolomite, lime, borax, and fluorite. Journal of Archaeological Science 24: 9–18. Titanium-rich slag is another waste product that has emerged as an indispensable raw material for many titanium uses due to the lack of natural Ti-bearing resources. All content in this area was uploaded by Yindong Yang on Oct 20, 2017.
The mineral phase construction in copper slag was promoted, converting more iron and copper into magnetite and matte/metallic copper, respectively. Z. Peng and J.Y. 9). To improve its recyclability for wider applications, iron oxide inside the slag must be reduced. Sol.
In this chapter, the reader will find details about the formalisms of the most utilized Gibbs energy models used in thermodynamic computer models. Examples are provided to illustrate how these concepts can be used to control the behaviour of alkalies in the blast furnace as well as phosphorus, sulphur, water vapour and nitrogen during steelmaking. The following papers being published under the topic of Slag Metallurgy and Metallurgical Waste Recycling embody the development of modern technologies for slag metallurgy and metallurgical waste recycling. Putting Two Great Techniques Together for In-Depth Analysis of 2D Materials, Analysis of Martian Rock Using XRD and XRF. This transfer process is strongly influenced by nterfacial phenomena. Cells 120, 390 (2014). The results of matte-slag-flux at 1250°C under nitrogen atmosphere showed that the addition of each up to 4% led to a gradual decrease in the copper content of initial slag. It was found that the copper amount in the slag decreased with the increasing addition of calcined colemanite under all oxidizing atmospheres. They found that the combined use of burnt lime and a compound additive improved the fluidity of the molten slag, thereby facilitating the coalescence and growth of fine particles of the target minerals. A silicon drift detector (SDD) coupled to a fast CMOS ASIC preamplifier provides high count rates with excellent resolutions.
After simple beneficiation, such as froth flotation and magnetic separation, the percentage of iron in the form of magnetite increased from 32.86% to 65.12%, and that of copper in the form of magnetic copper and copper sulfide rose from 80.00% to 90.33%. on the kinetics. explored the kinetics of aluminum reduction of molten slag using Al-Fe alloy. the <2-μm fraction in combination with XRD-analysis.
This highly transient behavior is challenging In the petroleum industry catalysts are often used to accelerate the reaction rate and remove the hazardous sulphur and arsenic from crude oil.
“Estimation Model for Electrical Conductivity of CaF2-CaO-Al2O3 Slags” by Guan-Yong Shi, Ting-An Zhang, Zhi-He Dou, and Li-Ping Niu. It represents a marked progress toward improved high-temperature conductivity characterization. During recent years, in parallel with major technological changes that have transformed the productivity of the steel industry, there have been increasing demands for improved steel quality. In slag metallurgy, molten slag properties, such as electrical conductivity, are important for determining the process parameters for alloy production. Slag refining of nickel alloy was carried out in a 10 kw induction furnace.
explored the feasibility of using colemanite as an additive to control the copper loss in a synthetic matte-slag mixture at 1250°C under different partial pressures of oxygen (10−7 atm, 10−9 atm, and 10−11 atm).
Designing slags with high refining capacity has been a major focus of the Ferrous Metallurgy group at the University of Toronto. Flux, in metallurgy, any substance introduced in the smelting of ores to promote fluidity and to remove objectionable impurities in the form of slag. Inclusion removal is key in the production of high quality steel. Due to the intrinsic value of slag, it is important that analytical tools are available to identify and quantify the chemical composition in slag. When lines are isolated and on simple backgrounds, count integration techniques work very well. The third is in the case of reactions between an alloy droplet and slag that result in large changes in interfacial to model using simple ordinary differential equations, and new theoretical approaches must be developed to deal with the complexity It was found that for all systems studied θ versus time showed a rapid decrease in wetting in the first 10 s tending to a plateau value at extended times. Flux formulations containing additions of fluoride-containing compounds (CaF 2, NaF, K2AlF6, and K2TiF 6) and calcite displayed lower hydrogen levels, with the diffusible weld metal hydrogen content reaching a minimum with increasing additions. (2) A fundamental study on Utilization of CO2 in steelmaking; Choi and Lee's dynamic wetting model was evaluated and found to not only represent the data well but have physical relevance for the basic, but not the acid, slags investigated. Slag from electric arc furnaces are blended with materials such as granulated slag, fly ash and lime to form pavement material, skid resistant asphalt aggregate and flowable fill construction materials. School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, Hunan, China, RHI AG, Technology Center Leoben, Magnesitstrasse 2, 8700, Leoben, Austria, RHI AG, Wienerbergstrasse 9, 1100, Vienna, Austria, Elkem Carbon AS, 4675, Kristiansand, Norway, You can also search for this author in
X-ray fluorescence spectrometry (XRF) provides a rapid, reliable and repeatable solution to measure slag. Further, for basic type ladle slags the plateau value was independent of slag composition and for acid type tundish slags the plateau value decreased with increasing basicity.
behavior. Analysis of metallurgical slags with ARL QUANT’X EDXRF Spectrometer. The slag mineralogy implied that physical beneficiation was not suitable for recovering the metals due to its complicated occurrences. This process is quick, requires minimal sample prep (generally pelletizing), and is basically foolproof. P. Drissen, A. Ehrenberg, M. Kühn, and D. Mudersbach, Steel Res.
Each of these methods is based on certain assumptions that usually result in analyses of low accuracy. Generally the more free parameters allowed In the model the ‘setter the fits, although, aesthetically one would like to keep the number of free parameters to a minimum. and the second is the case of reacting droplets in oxygen steelmaking where “bloating” of the droplet has a dramatic effect associated with these systems. Thermodynamic slag modeling attributes the existence of these minima to a decrease in slag water capacity with an increase in slag fluoride content (at constant basicity), brought about by higher concentrations of fluoride-containing compounds in the flux formulation.
It must be treated appropriately to meet the increasingly strict environmental requirements and to realize the economic benefits.1,2 The present topic, “Slag Metallurgy and Metallurgical Waste Recycling,” collects eight articles, which demonstrate the progress of slag metallurgy and metallurgical waste recycling toward environmental and economic sustainability. The emphasis is put on models used in iron- and steelmaking areas. The effects of an oxidizing slag, a weak reducing slag and a strong reducing slag were examined. This study offers a new research direction for enhancing the economic value of the reduced EAF oxidizing slag by using a high-quality aluminum dross or low-quality aluminum scrap. Metal-cored wires and flux-cored wires for GMAW of different Nbcontents have been tested concerning their hot cracking susceptibility. Required fields are marked *, Privacy StatementTerms & ConditionsLocationsSitemap.
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