The gravitational constant is taken as the basis of the Planck units: it is equal to the cube of the Planck length divided by the product of the Planck mass and the square of Planck time: =. Die erste Messung der Gravitationskraft zwischen zwei Massen bekannter Größe gelang Henry Cavendish im Jahr 1798 mithilfe der eigens dafür erfundenen Gravitationswaage. which detached it from its immediate representation of the (observable) mean angular velocity of the Sun-Earth system.
De même, les calculs de la mécanique céleste peuvent être faits dans les unités de masse solaire plutôt que celles du Système international d'unités, comme le kilogramme. In August 2018, a Chinese research group announced new measurements based on torsion balances, 6.674184(78)×10−11 m3⋅kg–1⋅s−2 and 6.674484(78)×10−11 m3⋅kg–1⋅s−2 based on two different methods. {\displaystyle \omega } μ
{\displaystyle G} . et les autres constantes physiques comme la vitesse de la lumière
G-Factor: gλ3. Note that every variable in the above equations is a constant for two-body motion. r
The IAU abandoned the defined value of k in 2012 in favour of a defined value of the astronomical unit of 1.495978707×1011 m exactly, while the strength of the gravitational force is now to be expressed in the separate standard gravitational parameter GM☉, measured in SI units of m3⋅s−2.[2]. et
In addition to Poynting, measurements were made by C. V. Boys (1895)[25] and Carl Braun (1897),[26] with compatible results suggesting G = 6.66(1)×10−11 m3⋅kg−1⋅s−2. Thus, the universal gravitational constant (G) is numerically equal to the force of attraction between two bodies of mass 1kg each separated by a distance of 1m.
und die zu große Streubreite der Einzelergebnisse gelten als Mängel.
This defines a unit of time with which the period of the resulting orbit is equal to 2π. In wave format, it comes from the electric force equation that is a reduction of amplitude for each particle slightly losing energy when in-waves transition to out-waves.
μ (a) Inertial mass = Force/Acceleration (b) Gravitational mass = Weight of body /Acceleration due to gravity
1 . 316 2
At this point, define k ≡ √G. m In neuesten Experimenten wird die Gravitationskonstante mit zwei unterschiedlichen Verfahren durch die Variation des Versuchsaufbaus der Pendelwaage gemessen: In früheren Experimenten betrug die Standardabweichung ±47 ppm, sie wurde also um ±36 ppm verbessert.[5][6]. a = 4π2:(k2 P2 M) ≈ 1.[5].
[7] Die Waage bestand aus zwei kugelförmigen Testmassen mit zusammen (in heutigen Einheiten)
Equation (1) is known as the universal law of gravitation. G
a peu changé depuis cette première expérience.
10
[22], Role as a defining constant of Solar System dynamics. Eite Tiesinga, Peter J. Mohr, David B. Newell, and Barry N. Taylor (2019), ", inversely proportional to the square of the distance, Philosophiæ Naturalis Principia Mathematica, National Institute of Standards and Technology, "2018 CODATA Value: Newtonian constant of gravitation", "University of Washington Big G Measurement", "The Foundation of the General Theory of Relativity", "An Account of the Calculations Made from the Survey and Measures Taken at Schehallien", Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society, "Big G Redux: Solving the Mystery of a Perplexing Result", "On the Newtonian Constant of Gravitation", The laws of gravitation; memoirs by Newton, Bouguer and Cavendish, together with abstracts of other important memoirs, "CODATA recommended values of the fundamental physical constants: 2002", "CODATA recommended values of the fundamental physical constants: 2010", The 2018 CODATA Recommended Values of the Fundamental Physical Constants, "Precision measurement of the Newtonian gravitational constant using cold atoms", "Fundamental constants: A cool way to measure big G", "Invited Review Article: Measurements of the Newtonian constant of gravitation, G", "Improved determination of G using two methods", "Physicists just made the most precise measurement ever of Gravity's strength", "Measurement of Newton's Constant Using a Torsion Balance with Angular Acceleration Feedback", References on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty, The Controversy over Newton's Gravitational Constant, Scientists whose names are used in physical constants, List of scientists whose names are used as SI units, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gravitational_constant&oldid=980559483, Short description is different from Wikidata, Pages using Template:Physical constants with rounding, Articles with unsourced statements from September 2020, Articles with unsourced statements from May 2020, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, This page was last edited on 27 September 2020, at 05:44. From this definition, the mean distance of Earth from the Sun works out to 1.00000003 au, but with perturbations by the other planets, which do not average to zero over time, the average distance is 1.0000002 au. 2 k
.
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